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AIM: To evaluate the frequency and distribution of various types of post cataract surgery and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation posterior capsular opacity (PCO) in hospitals.METHODS: This cross sectional, observational and descriptive study included 200 patients, 123 male and 77 female aged between 43 and 77(mean age 62.4) years, referring for cataract procedure from 2003 till 2007. The mean follow-up period of patients was 23 (range from 16 to 60) months. Data were gathered during follow-up time via a questionnaire and entered in a computer using SPSS software. Analysis was performed using ANOVA and Chi-Square tests. RESULTS: The various types of PCO included, fibrotic (63%), residual epithelial proliferative cells (15%) and mixed type (22%). The mean time period for development of postoperative decreased visual acuity due to PCO was 19.3(range from 3 to 48) months, younger patients had a significantly better vision post cataract surgery (P=0.0001), but the incidence of PCO was also more in them. In the older age group, fibrotic PCO was significantly more, while mixed type of opacities were the least prevalent (P=0.016). CONCLUSION: The present study did not determine any specific risk factors for development of PCO, and the most common type was fibrosis, all of the cases experienced both qualitative and quantitative decrease in vision and some of them required treatment with YAG Laser capsulotomy which is relatively expensive and has its own complications.
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·AIM: To study the results and complications of LASIK surgery after radial keratotomy.·METHODS: This descriptive study was carried out in Yazd LASIK Center, Yazd, Iran. Cases included all patients who had been operated between April 2003 and Septem-ber 2006. Data were collected via a special questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS software and paired t-test. ·RESULTS: Samples included 33 eyes of 23 patients of whom 11 (48%) were women and 12 (52%) were men. Their age ranged from 28 to 49 years old and the mean age was 31.6 years old. Two cases (6%) had openings of the previous radial keratotomy incisions during flap lifting and one case (3%) had moderate non-infec-tious keratitis. The mean preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) was -2.17±0.94D, while the posto-perative SE was -0.17±0.19D, the difference of which was significant (P=0.0001). Mean preoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 0.07±0.02 and the postopera-tive was 0.88±0.16, the difference of which was also significant (P=0.0001). The mean best spectacle correct-ed visual acuity prior to the operation was 0.93±0.08 and 0.92±0.08 after the operation, the difference of which was not significant (P=0.268).·CONCLUSION: LASIK surgery could improve residual myopia after the radial keratotomy without major complications during or postoperation, but necessity of the second procedure must be pondering and require careful case selection and assessment.
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Multiple sclerosis [MS] is one of those groups of diseases whose peculiarity is demyelination of the white matter of the central nervous system. Ocular disorders are one of the most common manifestations of the disease. The present study was therefore done to evaluate ocular complications in multiple sclerosis. This was a cross sectional observational study that included 50 multiple sclerosis patients referring to the ophthalmology and neurology clinics and departments affiliated to the Yazd, Medical Sciences University. All data was entered in a computer via SPSS software and analyzed by Chi-square and AN OVA statistical tests, thus results less than 0.05 was significant. Of the total, 16 [32%] were men and 34[68%] were women. The most frequent complication in the population under study was optic neuritis that was present in 30 patients [60%], nystagmus was present in 14 cases [28%] anddiplopia in 9 cases [18%].In the present study, optic neuritis was seen in 60% [almost all cases with ocular pain and dischromatopsia], nystagmus in 28% and diplopia in 18% of the patients
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Adolescent , Middle Aged , Multiple Sclerosis/diagnosis , Eye Manifestations , Cross-Sectional Studies , Optic Neuritis , Nystagmus, PathologicABSTRACT
AIM: To determine ocular motor nerve palsy in patients with head trauma.METHODS: There were three hundred admitted cases of head trauma in neurosurgery department of Shahid Rahnemon Hospital from March 2006 to September 2006. Data were collected with ophthalmic examinations, filled in questionnaires and analyzed by SPSS software statistically including Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test.RESULTS: A total of 300 patients were reviewed, 242 (81.1%) men and 58 (18.9%) women. Their age ranged from 1 to 87 years (mean of 46 years). Accident and fall were the most common causes of head trauma, occurring in 247 (82.3%) patients and most of patients had Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 13-15(82.3%). The most cerebral lesion was subdural and subarachnoid hematoma. Isolated trochlear and abducens nerve palsy (28.6%), isolated oculomotor nerve and combined nerve palsies (combination of 3rd and 4th cranial nerves, 14.3%) were the most affected nerves.CONCLUSION: Although the cranial nerve palsy is rare with minor head trauma, according to their observation in emergency room, neuroophtalmic examination is advised.
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·AIM:To evaluate and analyze the visual acuity after secondary anterior and posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in aphakic patients.The most common reasons for performing secondary implantation were dissatisfied with aphakic glasses and intolerance or reluctance to use contact lenses,·METHODS:In this prospective,non randomized compara-tive trial study was done at Ophthalmology Department of Sadoughi Hospital,Yazd,Iran from 1995 to 2005.Posterior chamber lens was inserted in 62 eyes (60.78%) and anterior chamber lens in 40 eyes (39.21%) depending upon the type of previous cataract surgery.Demographic and clinical data was analyzed from the patient's medical records during follow up.·RESULTS:102 patients [42 females (41.18%) and 60 males (58.82%)] underwent secondary lens implantation from 1995 to 2005.Their age range was between 48 and 72 years ( mean = 62.6 years),and mean follow up time was 20.2 months (range of 6 -72 months).There were minor intra operative and post operative complications.The state of visual acuity three months after procedure and final suture removal was as follows:visual acuity of 20/20 in 48 cases (47.05%),visual acuity of 20/40 or better in 51 patients (50%),and decrease in visual acuity (3 lines of snellens chart) in 3 cases (2.95%).·CONCLUSION:The short term complications were not more than that of primary cataract surgery with lens insertion and the visual acuity outcome was as good as the preoperative best correction, so secondary lens implantation appears to be safe and effective for aphakic correction.
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To determine the prevalence of retinopathy in hypertensive patients referred to a teaching hospital in Yazd, Iran. This cross-sectional study included 213 hypertensive patients referring to a teaching hospital in Yazd, Iran between November 2004 and June 2005. Data were collected using a questionnaire after an interview and ocular examination. Demographic variables, hypertensive retinopathy, familial history of hypertension, duration of diagnosis, and other hypertension side effects such as cardiac, renal, cerebro-vascular complications were analyzed. The Scheie's staging system was used for retinopathy grading. A total of 213 patients [95 men, 118 women] with high blood pressure aged between 25 and 85 years [mean age of 64.47 +/- 10.66 years] were enrolled in this study, wherein 39.9% of patients suffered from retinopathy. This rate was higher in women [45.6%] than in men [33%]. The positive familial history of hypertension was reported in 47.8% of patients. The prevalence rate of retinopathy in patients suffering from mild hypertension was 25.3%, moderate hypertension was 34.5% and severe hypertension 84.6%. Of the patients with retinopathy, 42.36% had grade I, 20% had grade II and 2.35% had grade III retinopathy. The most common ophthalmoscopic findings were arteriolar narrowing [35.13%], arterio-venous nicking [17.12%] and cotton wool patches [9%]. Positive family history of hypertension and target organs involvement are important risk factors for retinopathy. Early diagnosis and treatment of hypertension to prevent complications is essential